6. Obesity and belly fat
THE strongest predictor of insulin resistance is obesity. (19)
“Some experts believe obesity, especially excess fat around the waist, is a primary cause of insulin resistance. Scientists used to think that fat tissue functioned solely as energy storage. However, studies have shown that belly fat produces hormones and other substances that can cause serious health problems such as insulin resistance, high blood pressure, imbalanced cholesterol, and cardiovascular disease (CVD).
“Belly fat plays a part in developing chronic, or long-lasting, inflammation in the body. Chronic inflammation can damage the body over time, without any signs or symptoms. Scientists have found that complex interactions in fat tissue draw immune cells to the area and trigger low-level chronic inflammation. This inflammation can contribute to the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and CVD. Studies show that losing the weight can reduce insulin resistance and prevent or delay type 2 diabetes.” (20)
7. Polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS)
PCOS is an endocrine disorder in which there’s an imbalance of sex hormones estrogen and progesterone, resulting in small cysts on the ovaries. Studies have linked PCOS to insulin resistance in almost every case; hyperinsulinemia has been implicated as well. (21) The mechanism by which PCOS occurs is the existence of abnormalities in certain insulin receptors. (22)
The interaction of hormones in the body is astoundingly complex; it therefore makes sense that imbalance in one will result in a ripple effect.
8. Skin conditions
Acanthosis nigricans (AN) is a condition in which skin darkens and changes texture to a velvety feel. It most often occurs in the armpits, groin, back of the neck, between fingers and toes, and on elbows and knees. (23) AN is associated with insulin resistance and can be either benign or malignant. (24)
It occurs when hyperinsulinemia interacts with insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGF-1) that stimulate skin proteins and connective tissue growth. (25) AN is also often found in obese children and adults without notable insulin resistance. (26)
Skin tags (clinically called acrochordons) are also a symptom of insulin resistance and can occur concurrently with AN or on their own. (27)
High blood glucose can make your skin dry and itchy due to excessive fluid loss and hormone irregularities.