Key Takeaways
- Frequent use of sleep medications is linked to a 79% increased risk of dementia in white older adults.
- The study involved approximately 3,000 participants, with a follow-up period averaging nine years.
- Black participants showed a lower likelihood of using sleep medications and did not exhibit the same increased risk.
- Socioeconomic factors may influence the relationship between sleep medication use and dementia risk.
Study Overview
The study analyzed data from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study, which included around 3,000 older adults living independently. Participants were monitored over an average of nine years, during which 20% developed dementia. The findings revealed that white participants who frequently used sleep medications had a 79% higher chance of developing dementia compared to those who rarely or never used them.
Racial Disparities in Medication Use
The research highlighted significant differences in medication use between racial groups. Approximately 7.7% of white participants reported frequent use of sleep medications, compared to only 2.7% of Black participants. This disparity raises questions about the underlying factors influencing medication access and usage.
- Types of Medications: The study found that whites were more likely to use benzodiazepines (e.g., Halcion, Dalmane) and “Z-drugs” (e.g., Ambien), which are commonly prescribed for insomnia.
- Socioeconomic Status: Researchers suggested that Black participants who had access to sleep medications might belong to a higher socioeconomic group, potentially providing them with greater cognitive reserve and reducing their susceptibility to dementia.
Implications for Sleep Medication Use
Given the findings, experts recommend that individuals with sleep issues consider alternatives to prescription medications. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT-I) is suggested as a first-line treatment, with melatonin being a potentially safer option if medication is necessary.
Conclusion
The study underscores the importance of evaluating the long-term effects of sleep medications on cognitive health, particularly in older adults. As the prevalence of sleep disorders rises, especially post-pandemic, healthcare providers must weigh the benefits of sleep aids against their potential risks, particularly concerning dementia. Further research is needed to clarify the cognitive risks associated with different types of sleep medications and the role of race in these outcomes.
Sources
- Sleep medications may raise dementia risk in Whites: Study, Medical Dialogues.
- Dementia: Sleep medication could increase your risk by 79%, Daily Express.
- Revealed: Over-the-counter tablet relied on by millions could raise dementia risk, top doctor warns, Daily Mail.
- Prescription Sleep Meds May Up Risk of Dementia by 79% in White Seniors, Psychiatrist.com.
- Anti-anxiety drugs like Valium, Xanax could raise risk for Alzheimer’s, CBS News.